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              ÆĶó°úÀÌ ¿øÁÖ¹Î(Indigena) ¼±±³¿Í Áúº´

 

      500³â Àü Æ÷¸£Åõ°¥ÀεéÀÌ ³²¹Ì(ÑõÚ¸) ´ë·ú¿¡ µµÂøÇßÀ» ¶§, ¿À´Ã³¯ ºê¶óÁú°ú ÆĶó°úÀÌ¿¡ ÇØ´çµÇ´Â Áö¿ª¿¡ °ÅÁÖÇÏ´ø ¿øÁÖ¹Î(Indigena)Àº ´ë·« ³·°Ô´Â 200¸¸ ¸íÀÌ °ÅÁÖÇß´Ù´Â Ã߻꿡¼­ ¾Æ¸¶Á¸ Áö¿ª¿¡¸¸ 500¸¸ ¸íÀÌ »ì¾Ò´Ù´Â Æò°¡±îÁö, ÃßÁ¤¼öÄ¡µéÀº ¸Å¿ì Å« ÆíÂ÷¸¦ º¸ÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Æ÷¸£Åõ°¥ÀεéÀº ³²¹Ì ´ë·ú¿¡ °ÅÁÖÇÏ´Â ¿øÁÖ¹ÎÀ» ³ë¿¹È­ÇÏ¿© Áö¹èÇß´Ù. ¿¹¼öȸ´Â ¿øÁÖ¹ÎÀ» ½Ä¹Î °³Ã´ÀÚÀÇ ³ë¿¹È­¿¡¼­ º¸È£ÇÏ·Á ÇßÀ¸³ª, ±×·¸´Ù°í ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀÌ ¿øÁֹΠ¹®È­¸¦ Á¸ÁßÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¸¶´©¿¡¿ì ´Ù ³ëºê·¹°¡ ½ÅºÎ´Â ¡°¿øÁֹεéÀº ¼­·Î Á×ÀÌ°í Àâ¾Æ¸Ô´Â Á¡¿¡¼­´Â °³¿Í ´à¾Ò°í, ¼­·Î¸¦ ´Ù·ç´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ̳ª ¾Ç½À¿¡ À־´Â µÅÁö¿Í °°´Ù¡±°í ¾ð±ÞÇß´Ù. ¿øÁֹΠ°ÅÁÖÁö¿¡ ¼­±¸ÀεéÀÇ ÃâÇöÀº »õ·Î¿î Àç¾ÓÀ» ¾ß±âÇß´Ù. ¿øÁֹεéÀº ¸é¿ªÀÌ ¾ø´ø È«¿ª, õ¿¬µÎ, °¨±â µîÀÇ Áúº´¿¡ °ð¹Ù·Î Èñ»ýµÇ¾ú´Ù. º¸¸®½º ÆĿ콺Åõ´Â 1562³â°ú 1563³â ¾Ç¼º Àü¿°º´À¸·Î ¿ÀÁö¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÑ »ç¸ÁÀÚ¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°íµµ 6¸¸ ¸í ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¿øÁֹεéÀÌ Èñ»ýµÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÎ´Ù°í ±â·ÏÇß´Ù.

     °³½Å±³ÀÇ ÆĶó°úÀÌ ¿øÁֹΠ¼±±³ °úÁ¤¿¡ ¿øÁֹο¡°Ô ¹ß»ýÇÑ Áúº´Àº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? ÆĶó°úÀÌÀÇ Ayoreo ¿øÁֹΠ°¡¿îµ¥ ´õ ±íÀº ¹Ð¸²¿¡ °ÅÁÖÇÏ´Â ¿øÁÖ¹ÎÀ» Totobiegosode ('people from the place of the wild pigs')¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. 1969³â ÀÌ·¡ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹Ð¸²¿¡ °ÅÁÖÇÏ´ø ¿øÁֹεéÀº ÆĶó°úÀÌ °ÅÁÖ ¸Þ³ë³ªÀÌÆ®¿Í ¹Ì±¹ ºÎÁ·¼±±³È¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °­Á¦·Î ¹Ð¸²À» ¶°³ª°Ô µÈ´Ù. 1979³â°ú 1986³â¿¡µµ ¹Ì±¹ ºÎÁ·¼±±³È¸´Â ¿øÁÖ¹ÎÀ» ¼ö»öÇÏ¿© °­Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ð¸²À» ¶°³ªµµ·Ï ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¼­±¸ ¼±±³»ç¿Í ¿øÁÖ¹ÎÀÇ Á¢ÃË °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¿©·¯ Ayoreo ¿øÁֹεéÀÌ Á×°Ô µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, Áúº´¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ¾ú´Ù.(In 1979 and 1986 the American fundamentalist New Tribes Mission helped organise ¡®manhunts¡¯ in which large groups of Totobiegosode were forcibly brought out of the forest. Several Ayoreo died in these encounters, and others later succumbed to disease.)

     Ayoreo ¿øÁֹεéÀº ¸é¿ª·ÂÀÌ ¾ø¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Áúº´¿¡ °¨¿°µÇ¾ú°í Á×°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. (Since 1969 many previously-uncontacted Ayoreo have been forced out of the forest. The fundamentalist American missionary group New Tribes Mission (now Ethnos360) helped organise ¡®manhunts¡¯ in which large groups of uncontacted Ayoreo were forcibly brought out of the forest. Many died in these violent confrontations, or as a result of diseases to which they had no immunity.)

      ¹Ì±¹ »õºÎÁ·¼±±³È¸ ¼±±³»çµéÀº ¹Ð¸²¿¡ Èð¾îÁ® »ì´ø Ayoreo ¿øÁֹεéÀ» °­Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹®¸íÈ­¿Í º¹À½È­¸¦ ½ÃÅ°·Á°í ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¿øÁÖ¹ÎÀº ¸é¿ª·Â ¾ø´Â Áúº´ Áï Æó°áÇÙ¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ¾î »ç¸ÁÇÏ°Ô µÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸°íµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼±±³»ç ¿ª½Ã dzÅ亴¿¡ °¨¿°µÇ¾î »ç¸Á¿¡ À̸£±âµµ ÇÏ°Å´Ï¿Í, ¿ªÀ¸·Î ¿øÁֹεéÀÌ ¿ÜºÎÀÎÀÌ º¸À¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Áúº´¿¡ ¸é¿ª·ÂÀÌ ¾ø¾î °¨¿°µÈ »ç·Ê¶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ Ayoreo-Totobiegosode ¿øÁֹΠÁöµµÀÚÀÎ Chagabi Etacore´Â Æó°áÇÙÀ¸·Î »ç¸ÁÇÏ¿´´Ù. (In the 1970s and 1980s the fundamentalist American missionary group, New Tribes Mission (now Ethnos360), organised ¡®manhunts¡¯ in which large groups of uncontacted Ayoreo were captured in the forest and brought to the mission base. Here they were exposed to diseases to which they had no immunity. Many Ayoreo died as a direct result of these forced contacts, and many more have died over the past 40 years as a result of secondary infections.)

      ¹Ì±¹ »õºÎÁ·¼±±³È¸(Ethnos 360)ÀÇ Ayoreo ¿øÁֹΠÁ¢ÃË°ú ¼±±³È°µ¿ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÑ Áúº´ ¹®Á¦´Â ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¹®È­¿Í »ýÈ° ȯ°æÀÌ °¡Á®´ÙÁÖ´Â ¿¹»óÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ Áúº´¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Àǹ̽ÉÀåÇÑ ±³ÈÆÀ» ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (Many members of the Ayoreo tribe were forcibly contacted by missionaries between 1969 and 1986. Continual land invasions forced them to abandon their homes. Many have since suffered from disease, including a TB-like illness, poverty, and exploitation on the fringes of mainstream Paraguayan society.)

 

Âü°í¹®Çå

 

ÆĿ콺Åõ º¸¸®½º. ¡ººê¶óÁúÀÇ ¿ª»ç¡». ÃÖÇؼº ¿Å±è, ¼­¿ï: ±×¸°ºñÃâÆÇ»ç, 2012.

https://www.survivalinternational.org/tribes/ayoreo. °Ë»öÀÏ/ 2019³â 12¿ù 6ÀÏ ¿ÀÈÄ11½Ã05ºÐ.

https://www.survivalinternational.org/news/12124. °Ë»öÀÏ/ 2019³â 12¿ù 6ÀÏ ¿ÀÈÄ11½Ã10ºÐ.

https://www.survivalinternational.org/news/12198. °Ë»öÀÏ/ 2019³â 12¿ù 6ÀÏ ¿ÀÈÄ11½Ã10ºÐ.

https://www.survivalinternational.org/news/11784. °Ë»öÀÏ/ 2019³â 12¿ù 6ÀÏ ¿ÀÈÄ11½Ã10ºÐ.

 

±Û/ ÐÝÎçôÉ Ph. D.

09chi@hanmail.net

Asuncion, Paraguay.

2019.12.17.(È­) ¼öÁ¤


       
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